BIHAR STATE CO-OPERATIVE MILK
PRODUCERS' FEDERATION LTD.

Organisation

The Bihar State Co-operative Milk Producers’ Federation Ltd. (COMPFED) was established in 1983 as the implementing agency of operational Flood programme of dairy development on “Anand”pattern in Bihar.

Area of Operation

There are five district level Milk Producers' Cooperative Unions affiliated to the Milk Federation. These milk unions are covering twenty-two districts and in addition four districts are being covered by the Federation.

Different milk unions, which are organising the DCS network in these districts are as follows:

i. Vaishal Patliputra Milk Union, Patna covering Patna, Vaishali, Nalanda and Saran districts.

ii. DR Milk Union, Barauni covering Begusarai, Khagaria, Lakhisarai & Saharsa districts.

iii. Tirhut Milk Union, Muzaffarpur covering Muzaffarpur, Sitamarhi, Sheohar, East Champaran, West Champran, Siwan and Gopalganj

iv. Mithila Milk Union, Samastipur covering Samastipur, Darbhanga & Madhubani districts.

v. Shahabad Milk Union, Ara covering Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur & Rohtas districts.

The Milk Federation has already taken up organisation of Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) in the districts of Gaya, Jehanabad, Munger and Bhagalpur. Work has also been initiated in Saharsa, Supaul and Madhepura districts.

The districts of East and West Singhbhum, Ranchi, Bokaro and Dhanbad now in Jharkhand are being covered by the dairies directly under the control of Milk Federation for the supply of milk and milk products to the urban consumers in these cities. Procurement of milk has been taken up in Ranchi districts only.

Physical Performance

The physical performance indicators are showing a steady growth. The policy decisions taken to make it a truly farmers organisation is shown the achievements listed below.

DCS Organisation and Membership

“Sudha” milk and milk product has become a symbol of qualitty. As on date nine out of ten dairy plants are ISO:9001:2000 and HACCP:IS:15000 :1998 certified.

Organisation of Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS) and Membership

Particulars	1987-88	1997-98	2002-03	2004-05	2005-06	2006-07*
DCS Organisation	1669	2884	4018	5103	5243	5684
DCS Functional	1462	2306	3285	4073	4179	4432
Membership ('000)	65.60	147.20	213.58	255.71	267.18	279.13

Milk Procurement Enhancement Program (TIP)

The technical inputs program is one of the crucial activities of the milk unions / Compfed and is the major strength responsible for the success of dairy cooperatives. The main technical inputs given to milk producers include breeding facility, animal health cover, feed & fodder and extension/training services. The inputs provided to the farmers are elaborated below.

Artificial Insemination (AI) Program

Artificial insemination with frozen semen using liquid nitrogen (LN) technology is done by static (single) and mobile (cluster) AI workers who are self-employed persons specially trained by Compfed. The progress of establishment of AI centres is as follows:

Milk Union	1987-88	1997-98	2002-03	2004-05	2005-06	2006-07*
Patna	120	136(48)	212(85)	237((111)	236(110)	250(116)
Barauni	57	104(35)	156(55)	154(50)	166(52)	176(53)
Muzaffarpur	20	70(28)	112(49)	134(56)	164(60)	185(106)
Samastipur	29	103(35)	175(104)	183(112)	178(108)	192(112)
Bhagalpur	0	6(0)	0(00)	20(0)	22(0)	21(0)
Ranchi	0	2(0)	19(03)	19(5)	13(3)	13(3)
Shahabad	0	50(15)	152(47)	147(51)	149(50)	194(53)
Gaya	0	0	0	19(7)	21(7)	32(12)
Total	226	471(161)	826(343)	913(392)	949(410)	1063(455)

AI's Performed

Particulars	1987-88	1997-98	2002-03	2004-05	2005-06	2006-07*
Total	24926	294895	536672	553408	581746	332912

*upto Jan, 2007.

Note : Figures in parenthesis are of cluster centres whiere AI workers are provided a motorbike to cover 6 to 7 villages.

Adequate arrangements have been made to expand the coverage of dairy co-operative societies under this program. For AI training, training facilities available at Compfed hqr are being utilised and some persons are provided training at ERDTC, Siliguri, a NDDB managed training centre. Around 80.1% of the total functional DCS are covered under this program.

Animal Health Program

Main activities under animal health (AH) program include prophylactic vaccination, deworming, mastitis control program, organisation of veterinary/infertility camps and treatment of veterinary first ais cases. Resume of different components of AH program is as follows.

Prophylactic Vaccination

Around 1792 Veterinary First Aid (VFA) centres have been established which do the vaccinations. Prophylactic inoculations are mainly done against Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD), Haemorrhage Septicemia (HS), Black Quarter (BQ) and Theileriosis diseases. During 2001-02, after initial trial, mass vaccination with Trio-o-vac (combined FMD, HS and BQ vaccine) on the lines of Pulse Polio vaccinations in children was taken up. During 2006-07 till Jan, 07 about 3.25 lakh vaccinations have been done.

Mastitis Control Program

This program has been taken up with the technical assistance from NDDB. Under this program, screening of milch animals is done using "Mastect". The doubtful or sub-clinical cases are given treatment. Awareness amongst the milk producers is created for disinfecting the udders and teats after milking with a view to check the infection of animals. Milk unions provide necessary disinfectant and teat cups to the milk producers on cost basis.

Deworming

Worm infestation in the milch animals affects the productivity adversely. Hence, for improving the productivity and health of animals, deworming with broad-spectrum anthelmintics is arranged regularly by the milk unions.

Veterinary Camps

The milk unions organise veterinary camps where the milk producers bring their animals for treatment.

Feed and Fodder

Since, seventy five to eighty percent of the cost of milk production depends on the feeding of milch animals, this is very important affecting the economy of dairying activity. Both green fodder and balanced cattlefeed are required to be fed in appropriate quantities for optimising the output i.e. the production and also to maintain the health of the animal. The farmers in select dairy co-operative societies are being provided training through a computerised nutrition balancing system with the help of National Dairy Development Board.

Adult Cattlefeed (ACF) and Bypass Protein Feed (BPF) is manufactured by our cattlefeed plants (CFP) located at Patna, Ranchi and Muzaffarpur. The total installed capacity of these plants is 260 Metric Tonnes Per Day (MTD) The cattlefeed produced by these plants is supplied on cost basis to the farmers. Besides manufacturing BPF and ACF, CFP Ranchi also manufactures other livestock feeds to meet the requirement of Govt. farms in Bihar and Jharkhand. During 2006-07 till Jan, 2007, the sale of cattlefeed to DCS was 37905 MTs.

Green fodder is equally important in animal nutrition. Besides providing important nutrients, it helps in reducing the intake of balanced cattlefeed and in turn the cost of prodction. After prolonged extension work and persuation, the farmers have started not only the cultivation of different fodders in their fields but have started the production of fodder seeds.

Another important scheme under fodder development has been the treatment of straw with urea, which not only increases the palatibility of dry fodder but increases its nutritional value also. Feeding of urea treated straw helps in reducing the cost of production of milk. Farmers have now taken it up on regular basis and during 2006-07 till Jan, 07 about 2911 MTs of straw has been treated.

Training / Manpower Development

Capacity building / skill upgradation has been given maximum emphasis in implenting the dairy development program. This has been achieved through regular training of milk producers, management committee members (MCM) of DCS, staff of DCS / milk unions of Compfed. Training of milk producers, DCS staff and MCM has been mainly arranged at the Compfed training centre at Patna. Training programs organised at Compfed's training centre include programs of Society Operation for Secretaries, Orientation of MCM, AI & VFA training, Dairy Animal Management, Legal Literacy & Women Empowerment. Refreser courses and tailor made programs as per need of milk unions is also organised.

Name of the Program	Total trained	Women
Secretaries	3194	422
MCM	25297	5473
DAM	3249	636
Al	746	81
Other	3548	2762
Total	36034	2762

Clean Milk Production

Besides creating awareness amongst the milk producers about importance of clean milk production (CMP) program, efforts are made to install bulk coolers and link the DCS covered under CMP with these bulk coolers. Other actions taken include - Preponing arrival time of milk vehicles at chilling centres / dairy docks, use of Stainless Steel milk cans, sanitization of milk cans, vigerous testing of adulterants etc.

Hydrogen Generation system by Water Electrolysis.


The hydrogen generation system by water electrolysis developed by our department is based on summarizing previous achievements of scientific research and absorbing advantages of the same type of equipment home and abroad. After many years' efforts, it has gradually become the current serial hydrogen generator by water electrolysis with a fairly scale, different types and different specifications. The main technical index of the plant has approached or reached the international advanced level of the same products. The electrolyzer body is sealed closely so as to ensure no leak in the body under the condition of repeatedly switching on and off. It can be accorded with users' requirements to use pneumatic control, electric control or the most advanced microprocessor control. The plant has a high degree of automation and standardization and is easy to be operated and maintained. These products have been widely applied to many industries such as aerospace, power, electronics, metallurgy, chemical industry, meteorology and glass manufactures, and also exported to other countries.


Hydrogen Purification System by Catalyst
Based on the features of hydrogen generator by water electrolysis, H2 (O2) purification system is developed and marketed successfully by PERIC, this system can be acted as the downstream of hydrogen generator by water electrolysis but also as the independent purification system to purify the H2 ( O2) gas.
Through H2 (O2) gas purification system, the moisture, O2 (H2) and solid particles can be easily removed to satisfy the customer with higher quality. Up to now, multiple series and models have been developed to meet the different requirements by the customer.

Hydrogen Generation Plant by Methanol's
Hydrogen generation by methanolysis and water vapor conversion is one of industrial hydrogen generating method which is developed in the last two decades. Compared with other hydrogen production method, this technology is characterized by its less investment, simple operation and low operation cost, etc. and it has won more and more customers.



Gas Separation by PSA
The technology of gas separation by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) has been rapidly developed by PERIC, which is mainly used for gas purification and recovery. This kind of technology have made itself secure an important place in the gas purification field in the last 20 years, due to simple process with automatic control system, lower power-consumption and operational cost with high reliability


PSA Nitrogen Gas Generators
safety Features and Audio Visual Alarms

The Nitrogen Gas Generator are Skid Mounted and Pre-commissioned at our works. Are fully automatic and requires virtually no attention of the Operator. Once started it can be left-unattended. All operations take place automatically and Nitrogen Purity remains very consistent. In case of any abnormality the gas Generator would trip automatically with Audio Visual Alarms for Necessary action.

In case of Storage Tank Getting Filled The Gas Generator Goes to Sleep and restarts Once the pressure in storage Tank is Reduces to set Limit.



Audio Visual alarms in our Standard System

* Air Compressor Trip
* Low Feed Air Pressure & High Air Inlet Pressure
* Low Surge Tank Pressure
* High & Very High Oxygen Content - 2 Set Limits
* High Moisture Content (Optional)
* High Storage Tank Pressure

Standard Scope of supply

* Air Intake after cooler, Moisture separator, Prefilter, Auto Drain valve & Wet Air Receiver
* Twin Tower Desiccant based Air Dryer Fully Automatic with Pneumatically Operated Changeover-Valves ( REF. Dryer - Optional )
* Dry Air Receiver with Pressure Gauge, Pressure Switch and Candle type After Filter
* Twin Tower P.S.A. Module with Automatic Pneumatically Operated Changeover valves, Pressure Gauges & Interconnecting Piping
* Surge Vessel with Instruments & Drain valve
* C.M.S. ( CARBON MOLECULAR SIEVES )
* One Charge filled in P.S.A. Adsorption Towers
* Flow meters for Nitrogen with Flow control valve, Nitrogen Three Way Vent Valve NRV and Back Pressure Controller
* Centralized control panel with sequence programmer and Fault Indications Lamps
* Online Oxygen Analyser with settable high oxygen and very high oxygen alarms.


The technology











*
Well Proven Pressure Swing Adsorption Technology
*
More Than 10,000 Units Working Satisfactorily Worldwide
*
Skid Mounted Pre-commissioned Ready To Use Units

Fully Automatic Plant - Requires No Operator’s Attention
*
Low Generation Cost - Pay Back Period Less Than A Year
*
Negligible Maintenance No Hassles of Changing Cylinders
*
Continuous Purity Check - Purity Up to 99.9999% Achievable

Our Nitrogen Generators operates on Pressure Swing Adsorption, commonly known as P S A Technology. P S A Technology is based on the selective adsorption phenomena of gas molecules under pressure on the surface of highly porous and efficient adsorbent, In this case of Nitrogen Generation the Adsorbent is carbon based Molecular Sieve (C.M.S.) In P S A System when compressed air is passed through a adsorption tower field with C.M.S. the molecules of oxygen, moisture & other unwanted gases are adsorbed on surface of C.M.S. and Nitrogen which is not adsorbed by C.M.S. comes out of adsorption tower and is collected in a surge vessel. For continuous generation of nitrogen two Adsorption towers are provided which are interconnected with Auto change over valves controlled by PLC in the control panel. After saturation of one tower with oxygen the process automatically changes over to another tower and thus the nitrogen production is continuous. Our systems are the best ones in industry to ensure the highest efficiency, user friendly design, Reliable Economical and Durable. Our onsite nitrogen generators are custom made and can be adjusted to give the desired nitrogen quality for your process and application.

Upstream Equipment for Feed Air

In case the Feed Compressed Air required for Nitrogen Generator is not available from your centralized air supply you will be required to attach the following upstream equipment.

Choose Between Screw or Reciprocating Compressor

Packaged Screw Compressor Air Cooled Lubricated Electrically Operated Silent, complete with integral Instruments & Starter Panel along with oil filters (needs no foundation and is vibration free) OR Oil free Water Cooled Reciprocating Compressor with its Standard Accessories, Electric Motor, Drive Arrangement, Foundation Bolts for Grouting it to Foundation, with Instrument Panel and Separate Motor Starter Panel.

Downstream Equipment for Nitrogen Purification


For Nitrogen required with oxygen content in PPM level following downstream equipments can be added.
1) Palladium based De-Oxo System
2) Copper based De-Oxo System


Allied Equipments / Accessories

* Ammonia Crackers & Manifolds
* Gas Purification & Mixing Stations
* Storage Vessels
* Gas Analysers


Methanol Reforming Based


The methanol and water is mixed in specified ratio and pressurized. This mixture is passed through evaporator, metering pump and then to super heater. This hot gas is then fed into a reactor. The reaction of methanol reforming and the shift reaction, takes place in the catalytic reactor of fixed beds simultaneously to form H2 and CO2 finally.

CH3OH=CO+2H2-90.7kj/mol

CO+H2O=CO2+H2+41.2kj/mol

The general reaction

CH3OH+H2O+3H2-49.5kj/mol

The mixed gas after reaction is passed though the heat exchanger to have the heat exchanged with feed gas in order to recover part of heat and then fed further into the gas-liquid separation buffer to separate the unreacted methanol and water, prior to passing to the condenser and cooling gas dryer for condensation in order to ensure the methanol in the reforming gas to meet the specified quality. The liquid from condensation and separation is the mixture of methanol and water, which are returned back to the feedstock tank for reuse. The reformed gas enters a set of PSA system, which separates all impurities through the adsorption and separation in one time. The hydrogen purification through PSA is adopted in the manner of 4-1-2/P and desorption at the atmospheric pressure (4 absorbers, one absorber is in adsorption, 2 times of pressure equalization). Each adsorber in a cycle undergoes adsorption (A); equalized pressure-drop for the first time (E1D); equalized pressure-drop for the second time (E2D); cis-exhale (PP), inverse purge (D); flushing (P); equalized pressure increase for the second time (E2R); equalized pressure increase for the first time (E1R) and the final pressurisation (FR). The four adsorbers shift regularly, alternating between adsorption and regeneration, according to the arranged program in a closed loop. In this way raw gas feeds and hydrogen withdraws continuously.
There are a small amount of carbon monoxide and about 35%(v/v) hydrogen in the desorbed off gas. If it is recovered and used as fuel, it brings the benefit of saving energy and minimizing the pollution.

Features

* Raw material resource is easier, storage is convenient, price is stable.
* Short in flow,high automation,simple operation
* Minimum land occupation,low cost,when capacity is 1500 nm3/hr and under,the land occupation is less than 400m2.
* Low electricity consuming and low cost.
* No environmental pollution.

Main Formula

CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 3H2

Main Products Index

*
Production capacity :-20 Nm3/hr – 4000 Nm3/hr
*
Purity :-99% - 99.999%
*
Temperature :-Ambient
*
Pressure :-8 bar – 25 bar

• Percentage & Trace Oxygen Analyzer ( Portable and Online )
• Trace Oxygen Analyzer ( Portable and Online )
• Hydrogen Gas Analyzers
• Trace Moisture Analyzers ( Dew Point Meters)
• Efficiency ( for Combustion ) Monitors
• Toxic Gas Detectors for - Cl₂,H₂S, NH₃, CO₂, CO,NOX,SO₂, etc
• Trace Moisture Analyzers ( Dew Point Meters)

Map of Refineries in India

Refining

Born from the vision of achieving self-reliance in oil refining and marketing for the nation, IndianOil has gathered a luminous legacy of more than 100 years of accumulated experiences in all areas of petroleum refining by taking into its fold, the Digboi Refinery commissioned in 1901. IndianOil controls 10 of India’s 20 refineries. The group refining capacity is 60.2 million metric tonnes per annum (MMTPA) or 1.2 million barrels per day -the largest share among refining companies in India. It accounts for 33.8% share of national refining capacity. The strength of IndianOil springs from its experience of operating the largest number of refineries in India and adapting to a variety of refining processes along the way. The basket of technologies, which are in operation in IndianOil refineries include: Atmospheric/Vacuum Distillation; Distillate FCC/Resid FCC; Hydrocracking; Catalytic Reforming, Hydrogen Generation; Delayed Coking; Lube Processing Units; Visbreaking; Merox Treatment; Hydro-Desulphirisation of Kerosene&Gasoil streams; Sulphur recovery; Dewaxing, Wax Hydro finishing; Coke Calcining, etc. The Corporation has commissioned several grassroot refineries and modern process units. Procedures for commissioning and start-up of individual units and the refinery have been well laid out and enshrined in various customized operating manuals, which are continually updated. IndianOil refineries have an ambitious growth plan with an outlay of about Rs. 55,000 crore for capacity augmentation, de-bottlenecking, bottom upgradation and quality upgradation. Major projects under implementation include a 15 MMTPA grassroots refinery at Paradip, Orissa, Naphtha Cracker and Polymer Complex at Panipat, Panipat Refinery expansion from 12 MMTPA to 15 MMTPA, among others. In addition, petrol quality upgradation projects are under implementation at Panipat, Mathura, Barauni, Guwahati and Digboi refineries proposed to be completed by the end of 2009. On the environment front, all IndianOil refineries fully comply with the statutory requirements. Several Clean Development Mechanism projects have also been initiated. To address concerns on safety at the work place, a number of steps were taken during the year, resulting in reduction of the frequency of accidents. Innovative strategies and knowledge-sharing are the tools available for converting challenges into opportunities for sustained organisational growth. With strategies and plans for several value-added projects in place, IndianOil refineries will continue to play a leading role in the downstream hydrocarbon sector for meeting the rising energy needs of our country.

Gas Refineries In India